Style Guide

The following are recommendations for citing various publication types. The recommendations are based on the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors - Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts. There are many different manuals of style and various publications have different requirements for references. You can find manuals of style in the library in the Reference area on the second floor in the WZ 345 section.

Why Cite Correctly?

To give credit for work used.
To provide users of your work access to related useful sources.
To provide authority to your assertions

Journal Articles
General Format:
Lastname FM, Lastname FM. Title of the article. Journal Abbreviation Year; Volume(issue):pages.
Note: Use ",et al" when you have more than 6 authors.

Example:
Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper: getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ 1997; 315(7102):243-6.

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Books
Use this format when you used the entire work.

Personal Author(s):
General Format:
Lastname FM, Lastname FM. Title of the book. City of publication(State Abbr.): Publisher; Year.
Note: Use ",et al" when you have more than 6 authors.

Example:
Doukas DJ, Reichel W. Planning for uncertainty: a guide to living wills and other advance directives for health care. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.

Editors or Compilers:
General Format:
Lastname FM, Lastname FM, editors. Title of the book. City of publication(State Abbr.): Publisher. Year.

Example:
Fogel BS, Furino A, Gottleib GL, editors. Mental health policy for older Americans: protecting minds at risk. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.

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Book Chapter
Use this format when you used a portion of the work.

When there is no chapter author/editor:
General Format:
Chapter title. In: Lastname FM, Lastname FM, editors. Book title. City of publication(State Abbr.): Publisher. Year. Page numbers.

Example:
Antipsychotic agents. In: McEvoy GK, editor. AHFS 98 Drug Information. Bethesda(MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 1998. p.1856-1862.

With authors/editors:
General Format:
Chapter Author's Lastname FM, Lastname FM. Chapter title. In: Lastname FM, Lastname FM, editors. Book title. City of publication(State Abbr.): Publisher. Year. Page numbers.
Note: Use ",et al" when you have more than 6 authors.

Example:
Fargason RE, Fargason CA, Ascherman LI. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Conn RB, Borer WZ, Snyder JW, editors. Current Diagnosis. 9th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders; 1997. p.949-53.

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Audiovisuals
General Format:
Lastname FM. Title [format]. City of publication(State Abbr.): Publisher; year.
(Note: Formats may include: videocassette, audiotape, slide, etc.)

Example:
Examining the older adult [videocassette]. St. Louis (MO): Mosby- Year Book; 1995.

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Electronic Material

Web Pages:
General Format:
Author/editor Lastname FM. Title. [online; accessed YYYY Mo DD] . Last update or copyright date. Available from: URL: http://givetheWebaddresshere.

Example:
American Diabetes Association. Nutrition: frequently asked questions: nutrition and diabetes. [online, accessed 1999 Mar 17]. Date not available. Available from: URL: http://www.diabetes.org/nutrition/FAQs.asp.

Moody Medical Library. Evaluating health resources on the web. [online, accessed 1999 Mar 17]. Last update: 1998 Nov 6. Available from: URL: http://library.utmb.edu/evaluating.htm.

Online Textbooks:
General Format:
Chapter author/editor Lastname FM. Chapter title. In: Lastname FM, Lastname FM, editors. Title. [monograph online; accessed YYYY Mo DD]. City of Publication: Publisher; year. Available from: URL: http://givetheWebaddresshere.
Note: Use ",et al" when you have more than 6 authors.

Examples:
Harrison's Online
Foster DW. Diabetes mellitus. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Isselbacher KJ, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, et al, editors. Harrison's Online [monograph online; accessed 1999 Mar 9]. New York: McGraw Hill; 1999. Available from: URL: http://www.harrisonsonline.com/server-java/Arknoid/harrisons/1096-7133

STAT!-Ref
Dworkin PH. Hyperactivity: overactivity to attention-deficit disorder. In: Rudolph AM, editor. Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20th ed. [monograph online; accessed 1999 Mar 17]. In: STAT!-Ref. Content Management Solutions, 1998. Available from: URL: http://

Online Journals:
General Format:
Lastname FM. Article title. Journal Abbreviation [serial online] Date [accessed YYYY Mo DD]; volume(issue). Available from: URL: http://givetheWebaddresshere.
Note: Use ",et al" when you have more than 6 authors.

Example:
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [accessed 1999 Mar 18]; 1(1). Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/index.htm.